读到上面的帖子,有一点值得注意:虎口持琴法并不是一个“不同于传统的方法”,实际上,这是一种非常传统的方法。这种方法可以追溯到巴罗克时期乃至之前的演奏技法。明确提出拇指和食指指根“夹住”琴颈的人是法尔科(Falck,1688),而在此之前,由于小提琴的持琴(这里指的是靠近身体的这一边)方法各式各样。比如,有的放在锁骨上不用下巴,有的则使用下巴;有的放在锁骨下方的胸部,甚至还有放在手臂上来演奏的方式。需要注意的是,特别是在17世纪早期,很多作品基本上只用第一把位,所以左手怎么样持琴都可以。此外,因为那个时期没有发明腮托,靠近身体一边的固定实际上是很灵活的,因而虎口持琴是最简便的一种方法。
网上搜了一下,找到一篇一个名字叫Oliver Webber的巴洛克小提琴家写的文字,简要介绍了4种古代小提琴的持琴方法,原文如下:
Dear Cosimo
it was very interesting to read your post. I too am a baroque
violinist, and I hope you won't mind if I raise an issue about holding
the violin which I am not sure you have understood correctly: I think
there were more than 2 ways in which violinists held the instrument in
the 17th and 18th centuries.
1. Using the chin - this is indeed suggested by Prinner in 1677, but
also recommended by Mozart: having described one method where the chin
makes no contact as being relaxed and pleasant in appearance but
inconvenient for the player, he goes on to say
"The second is a comfortable method, The violin is placed against the
neck so that it lies somewhat in front of the shoulder and the side on
which the E string lies comes under the chin, whereby the violin
remains unmoved in its place even during the strongest movements of the
ascending and descending hand"
It's also recommended by Corrette (1738), Crome (1740) and l'Abbé le
fils (1761)
2. Resting on the collar-bone but not using the chin: Monteclair 1711,
Mozart (although not his favoured method)
3. Against the left breast/below the collar-bone: Playford (1674),
Falck (1688), Lenton (1694), Merck (1695), Geminiani (1751) (so it was
not abandoned by everyone in the middle of the 17th century!)
4. Various lower positions: "on the arm" Jambe de Fer 1556, Praetorius
1620, "against the short ribs" North describing the Italian Matteis'
unusual hold during the last decades of the 17th century.
In the iconography one can find all these methods: there is one 18th C
Venetian painting which shows 3 violinists each with a different violin
hold!
So I think we should be a little more open to possibilities.
By the way I have to say that Geminiani's description of how to change
position is not really enough - you need to do a lot of experimenting
to find a really secure way. (His method - "just below the collarbone
and tilted a little to the right" is what I use myself)
Best wishes
Oliver Webber
(
https://lists.wu-wien.ac.at/pipermail/earlym-l/2006-July/004166.html)
既然把小提琴更紧密地固定在下巴和锁骨之间是18世纪以后的事情(详细的文献可寻找利奥波德.莫扎特的《小提琴教程》,或洛秦:《小提琴艺术全览》,上海音乐学院出版社,2004年第1版,第254页的相关介绍),那么,虎口持琴在没有固定小提琴另一面的时代,并且把位尚未发展到现代的阶段,它自然是很合理的一种方式了。小提琴换把技巧的发展结果是:虎口持琴逐渐被改换成拇指和食指根持琴方法。因此,也许更应当说,虎口持琴法是传统的方法——或者说,是更古老的方法了。
我们看看下面这幅巴罗克时期的油画, 也许会观察到那种古老的样式:
Hendrick ter Brugghen "A Boy Playing the Violin"
By
Hendrick ter Brugghen (1588 - 1629)
另一幅油画:尽管是18世纪的油画作品,但在其中那种虎口持琴的方法和不用下巴夹琴的方式还是可见的。
The Concert by LONGHI, Pietro in (1702-1785)
如,画中穿绿色衣服的小提琴手用的正是类似于虎口持琴的方式。
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本帖最后由 lowendal 于 2009年5月24日 12:34 编辑 ]